{"id":28592,"date":"2024-05-06T08:00:23","date_gmt":"2024-05-06T15:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/independentlens\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=28592"},"modified":"2024-05-06T10:19:46","modified_gmt":"2024-05-06T17:19:46","slug":"how-science-fiction-confronts-the-real-isolation-of-space","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/dipsy.pbs.org\/independentlens\/blog\/how-science-fiction-confronts-the-real-isolation-of-space\/","title":{"rendered":"How Science Fiction Confronts the Real Isolation of Space"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5><strong>By Anthony Ha<\/strong><\/h5>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Note: Some movie spoilers within.]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If decades of science fiction have taught me one thing about being an astronaut, it\u2019s that you have to watch out for existential terror and loneliness.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Movies like <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sunshine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interstellar<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are full of characters who lose their grip on reality after spending too much time alone. \u201cSpace Isolation Horror\u201d even has <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/tvtropes.org\/pmwiki\/pmwiki.php\/Main\/SpaceIsolationHorror\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">its own page<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the TV Tropes website.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why is this such a common science fiction plot device? Maybe it\u2019s an update to the old, mad scientist clich\u00e9\u2014it\u2019s pretty easy to draw a line between <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frankenstein<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019s Colin Clive screaming \u201cIt\u2019s alive!\u201d and Sam Neill\u2019s demonic glee in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Event Horizon<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. But where the mad scientist fable usually argues <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">there are some things man was not meant to know<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the space isolation story suggests something inherently ill-advised about venturing beyond Earth\u2019s atmosphere\u2014that there are places man was not meant to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">go<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"s1\"><div class=\"related-link\"><a class=\"related-link__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/independentlens\/documentaries\/the-longest-goodbye\/\"><div class=\"related-link__subhead\">Related<\/div><div class=\"related-link__title\">WATCH Space: The Longest Goodbye<\/div><\/a><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the mechanic Kaylee puts it in the movie <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Serenity <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2005), screenwriters seem convinced there\u2019s an inherent risk of reaching \u201cthe edge of space,\u201d seeing \u201ca vast nothingness,\u201d and going \u201cbibbledy over it.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nothing quite so dramatic has happened in the real world\u2014but the documentary <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/independentlens\/documentaries\/the-longest-goodbye\/\"><i>Space: The Longest Goodby<\/i>e<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> examines a more mundane challenge: how astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) struggle to remain connected to their old lives while spending months away from home, in cramped quarters, with unreliable internet. As NASA operational psychologist Al Holland notes in the film, understanding how crew members cope with a six-month tour on the ISS\u00a0provides crucial data about the challenges facing a manned, three-year Mars expedition.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) - I&#039;m Sorry, Dave Scene (3\/6) | Movieclips\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Wy4EfdnMZ5g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are many proposals for such an expedition, but no certain plans. While we wait, we can look at science fiction for hints about the psychological risks posed by life in space, along with possible solutions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Phoning home<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most obvious solution is one that\u2019s migrated from sci-fi to reality: Astronauts on the ISS are already making Skype calls home. A company featured in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Longest Goodbye<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is even experimenting with bringing pre-recorded messages to life in virtual reality (VR).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But the occasional video or VR phone call isn\u2019t the same as having a regular, physical presence in someone\u2019s life. In the <\/span><strong><i>Black Mirror<\/i><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> episode \u201cBeyond the Sea,\u201d astronauts transfer their consciousness to android replicas back on Earth, thus maintaining something almost like a real life with their families\u2014they can be there for their children\u2019s birthdays and try to maintain a romantic spark with their partners.<\/span><\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/to.pbs.org\/3HGYGgD\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-28252\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/independentlens\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Signup-for-the-Independent-Lens-Insider-1-1-600x45.png\" alt=\"Sign up for the Independent Lens newsletter\" width=\"1080\" height=\"81\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dipsy.pbs.org\/independentlens\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Signup-for-the-Independent-Lens-Insider-1-1-600x45.png 600w, https:\/\/dipsy.pbs.org\/independentlens\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Signup-for-the-Independent-Lens-Insider-1-1-1280x96.png 1280w, https:\/\/dipsy.pbs.org\/independentlens\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Signup-for-the-Independent-Lens-Insider-1-1-768x58.png 768w, https:\/\/dipsy.pbs.org\/independentlens\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Signup-for-the-Independent-Lens-Insider-1-1-1536x115.png 1536w, https:\/\/dipsy.pbs.org\/independentlens\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Signup-for-the-Independent-Lens-Insider-1-1-2048x154.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/a>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But however effective the technology, it can\u2019t fully erase the distance between the mission in space and the family on Earth, as the episode\u2019s tragic events make all too clear.<\/span><\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"David uses Cliff&#039;s Replica For The First Time EMOTIONAL | Black Mirror S6 Episode 3 Beyond the Sea\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tqYNoTRgmEY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And when we\u2019re talking about Mars or destinations beyond, the distances are simply too great for a synchronous conversation\u2014it takes between 4.3 and 21 minutes for a radio signal to travel between Earth and Mars, depending on where the two planets are in their relative orbits.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Season four of Apple&#8217;s <\/span><strong><i>For All Mankind<\/i><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> dramatizes these challenges, as workers in a Martian colony try to talk to family members back home through slow-loading, pre-recorded video messages. For those of us who already deal with dodgy internet on Earth, this might just sound like an annoyance. For the Martian laborers, however, it becomes a bitter reminder of how far they are from home, and how the colony\u2019s class system has failed them.<\/span><\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"For All Mankind \u2014 Hi, Bob | Apple TV+\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gd0U9Draac8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<h4><b>Going virtual<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of course, VR can do more than dramatize a phone call. The dream would be something like <\/span><strong><i>Star Trek: The Next Generation<\/i><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019s holodeck, which can seemingly replicate any location in the known universe. The tech isn\u2019t perfect\u2014if anything, the holodeck seems to be continually malfunctioning, as safety measures get disabled and programs become sentient. But that never seems to scare off any of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next Gen<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> crew members.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because the holodeck is <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">awesome<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. While inside, Captain Picard can roleplay as the hard-boiled gumshoe Dixon Hill, Worf and Troi can take a romantic stroll along the Black Sea, and Lieutenant Barclay can even play-act a version of his life on the Enterprise\u2014a version where he\u2019s braver, more dashing, and beloved by all.<\/span><\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Star Trek TNG -- The Holodeck: Dixon Hill (Part 1 of 2)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2-7CdNm9L1w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unfortunately, it\u2019s hard to think of existing technology that can conjure up physical locations and props out of nothing. A simpler version in <\/span><strong><i>Sunshine <\/i><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2007) may be more achievable. In the film, a small crew is traveling to the heart of the solar system, transporting a bomb that they hope will reignite our dying sun. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the distance from Earth grows and tensions rise between the crew, the on-board psychologist prescribes more time in the \u201cEarth Room\u201d\u2014an enclosed space that surrounds anyone inside with footage of home, whether that\u2019s a peaceful forest or a beautiful day at the beach.<\/span><\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Earth Room - Sunshine (2007)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/21sBDkk7M2c?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<h4><b>Artificial friends<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s worth remembering that astronauts usually aren\u2019t <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">alone<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> alone. Instead, they\u2019re living with other astronauts, doing their best to work together without getting on each other\u2019s nerves. But those human crew members may not be the most consistent or reliable sources of companionship and support, especially if everyone\u2019s been stuck together for months.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consider the most iconic character in the most iconic movie about space: <\/span><strong><i>2001: A Space Odyssey<\/i><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019s sentient computer HAL 9000, who\u2019s both an essential crewmember on the spaceship Discovery, and a companion to its human astronauts. Both astronauts seem to have a richer friendship with HAL than with each other: he plays chess with them, he wishes them happy birthday, he seems like a solid friend\u2014until he tries to kill them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><div class=\"related-link\"><a class=\"related-link__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/independentlens\/blog\/what-extreme-outer-space-isolation-can-teach-humans\/\"><div class=\"related-link__subhead\">Related<\/div><div class=\"related-link__title\">What Extreme Outer Space Isolation Can Teach Humans<\/div><\/a><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This might be one area where the current limitations in AI technology will serve us well. The real world\u2019s floating, head-shaped <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cimon_(robot)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CIMON robot<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> [as seen top right] may only be able to offer limited conversational responses and facial expressions; no one would mistake it for a sentient being, any more than you\u2019d mistake Siri or Alexa for a real person. But basic may be all that\u2019s needed for astronauts to feel some degree of companionship and support, and at least no one has to worry about CIMON running amok.<\/span><\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Alien (1979) - The USCSS Nostromo interior design [ HDR - 4K - 5.1 ]\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kayDshI7iXE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<h4><b>Sleep it off<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the future, astronauts might even be able to avoid loneliness entirely by sleeping through the months or years of their journey between planets and stars. We see this in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2001<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with most of the scientists on board the Discovery, and in <\/span><strong><i>Alien<\/i><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with the blue-collar crew of the Nostromo. This has practical benefits\u2014sleeping astronauts need less food and air\u2014while also allowing them to skip from the beginning to the end of their journey.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Project Hail Mary (Audiobook) Andy Weir\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/buGcbWhSVew?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In fact, the astronauts in Andy Weir\u2019s novel <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Project Hail Mary<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are put into a coma specifically to avoid the psychological challenges of the 26-year(!) journey to Tau Ceti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then again, hibernation fails to save either the Discovery or Nostromo crew from the dangers of space. And as Sigourney Weaver\u2019s Ripley survives into the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alien<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sequels, the technology isolates her in a different way. Trapped in a tiny escape pod, she drifts along, sleeping for decades and waking in an unfamiliar future, with everyone she knows already dead.<\/span><\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Alien - Shuttle Escape [HD]\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tokJ3IDaoZ4?start=43&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<h4><b>How to be alone<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Space isolation stories aren\u2019t just about confronting the terror of what\u2019s <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">out there<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. They can also function as a hall of mirrors, trapping protagonists with different versions of themselves\u2014as Marion Zimmer Bradley did in her short story \u201cElbow Room,\u201d and as the film <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moon<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> does to a set of clones (played by Sam Rockwell) on a lunar base.<\/span><\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\ud83c\udfa5 MOON (2009) | Movie Trailer | Full HD | 1080p\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/N0tKKsgip-Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And it turns out being alone, with only aliens or doppelg\u00e4ngers for company, isn\u2019t necessarily a bad thing. It\u2019s how <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moon<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019s two Sam Rockwells come to understand their place in the universe. It\u2019s how <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alien<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019s Ripley discovers hidden reserves of strength. And it\u2019s how<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 2001<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019s Dave Bowman achieves the cosmic transcendence of transforming into a giant space baby.<\/span><\/p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.gifer.com\/Svss.gif\" \/>\n<hr \/>\n<p><b>Anthony Ha <\/b>is a New York-based journalist focused on the intersection of culture and tech. Currently <em>TechCrunch<\/em>&#8216;s weekend editor, he was previously a reporter at <em>Adweek<\/em> and <em>VentureBeat<\/em>. In addition, his work has appeared in <em>BuzzFeed<\/em> and <em>Engadget<\/em>, and he co-hosts\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.originalcontentpodcast.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.originalcontentpodcast.com&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1714774720718000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0eHLcs1qW7jsFItFo4xQZ2\">the Original Content podcast<\/a>. Read his previous article for <em>Independent Lens<\/em>, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/independentlens\/blog\/death-is-just-one-day-how-end-of-life-doulas-are-changing-the-conversation-around-how-we-die\/\">How End-of-Life Doulas are Changing the Conversation Around How We Die<\/a>.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Anthony Ha [Note: Some movie spoilers within.] If decades of science fiction have taught me one thing about being an astronaut, it\u2019s that you have to watch out for existential terror and loneliness. Movies like Sunshine and Interstellar are full of characters who lose their grip on reality after spending too much time alone. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":28596,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1357],"tags":[2287,2275,2326,2310],"topic":[1247,1249,1983,2125],"class_list":["post-28592","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-beyond-the-films","tag-listicle","tag-science","tag-science-fiction","tag-space","topic-cinema","topic-literature","topic-science","topic-technology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How Sci-Fi Films Confront the Real Isolation of Space | Blog | PBS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"From 2001: A Space Odyssey to Moon, Project Hail Mary and Star Trek&#039;s holodeck, explore the psychological challenges of astronaut loneliness found in sci-fi, drawing parallels to real-life ISS experiences and proposing 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