{"id":21762,"date":"2021-02-09T14:23:15","date_gmt":"2021-02-09T22:23:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/independentlens\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=21762"},"modified":"2023-09-19T13:01:55","modified_gmt":"2023-09-19T20:01:55","slug":"how-soul-helped-pave-the-way-for-black-cultural-programming","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/dipsy.pbs.org\/independentlens\/blog\/how-soul-helped-pave-the-way-for-black-cultural-programming\/","title":{"rendered":"How SOUL! Helped Pave the Way for Black Cultural Programming"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>By Ade D. Adeniji<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/independentlens\/documentaries\/mr-soul\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mr. SOUL!<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> explores America\u2019s first Black variety television show <em>SOUL!<\/em>, which ran from 1968 to 1973, and was steered by pioneering Black producer and host <strong>Ellis Haizlip<\/strong>. Many have likely seen the pristine sets of <em>SOUL!<\/em> and not even know it. The series featured legendary black musicians, artists, athlete-activists, and thinkers including\u00a0<b data-stringify-type=\"bold\">Muhammed Ali, Stokely Carmichael, Earth Wind<\/b>\u00a0<b data-stringify-type=\"bold\">and Fire,<\/b>\u00a0and<b data-stringify-type=\"bold\">\u00a0The Spinners, <\/b>as well as this\u00a0famous\u00a0<strong>James Baldwin<\/strong> conversation with poet and Black Arts Movement luminary <strong>Nikki Giovanni.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But as striking as seeing Black luminaries (or soon to be luminaries) in their heyday, it\u2019s also impressive to see the diversity of Black talent Haizlip brought into the fold and made space for.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Obscure groups like <strong>The Johnson Girls<\/strong> from south of the Mason-Dixon had their time under the bright lights in New York City. And Haizlip, a gay Black man, even interviewed Louis Farrakhan, performing the sleight of hand of challenging the Nation of Islam leader on homophobia while still honoring his allure and influence. Ultimately, the beauty of <i>SOUL! <\/i>is that it allowed a range of Black cultural figures to come together all under one roof, paving the way for other cultural shows and events through the years.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While <i>SOUL! <\/i>was still running, another pioneering program, <\/span><b><em>Soul Train<\/em>,<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">emerged. The brainchild of showman Chicago radio announcer, <strong>Don Cornelius<\/strong>, the American music variety television show was broadcast nationally from 1971 to 2006\u2014one of the longest-running syndicated programs in American television history. <em>Soul Train<\/em> made hay by featuring big-name R&amp;B, soul, and funk acts of the 1970s including <strong>The Temptations, Ike and Tina Turner, <\/strong>and<strong> Smokey Robinson<\/strong>. Program sponsor Johnson Products Company provided ample advertising of their signature Afro Sheen hair products, the perfect totem for the &#8220;Black is Beautiful&#8221; movement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Soul Train<\/em> is mostly remembered for its high-profile music and dance acts, but like Haizlip, Cornelius also found other figures who were shaping culture and highlighted them, even if briefly. Black <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Time <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">magazine journalist <strong>Wallace Terry<\/strong>, who made a name for himself covering Vietnam, hitched a ride on <em>Soul Train<\/em> to talk about Motown-produced <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guess Who&#8217;s Coming Home: Black Fighting Men Recorded Live in Vietnam,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the first recorded history of Black soldiers in any war. Another one of Terry\u2019s works, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bloods: An Oral History of the Vietnam War<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, inspired two pieces of Black cinema\u2014<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dead Presidents<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and Spike Lee\u2019s joint <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Da 5 Bloods.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Soul Train<\/em> also had interludes like <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Soul Train Scramble Board,&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where contestants were given 60 seconds to unscramble a set of letters to form the name of that episode\u2019s performer or notable figure in Black history, though Cornelius usually made sure everyone came out a winner lest the culture be set back.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><div style=\"width: 616px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/27\/Staple_Singers_on_Soul_Train.jpg\" alt=\"Cornelius (second from right) with The Staple Singers during production of a 1974 episode of Soul Train.\" width=\"606\" height=\"824\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Don Cornelius (second from right) with The Staple Singers during production of a 1974 episode of Soul Train. [Public domain]<\/p><\/div><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the late 1980s,\u00a0<em>Soul Train<\/em>\u00a0launched the\u00a0<strong>Soul Train Music Awards<\/strong>, which honor the top performances in R&amp;B, hip hop, and gospel music (and, in its earlier years, jazz music). The awards continue to this day, years after Cornelius&#8217; death in 2012.<\/span><\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Soul Train Scramble Board (Rufus ft. Chaka Khan - Ain&#039;t Nobody 1983)\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kao5ZH8VpaQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p><strong>Black Journal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Talk show<\/span><b><em> Black Journal<\/em>,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and its successor <\/span><b>Tony Brown\u2019s Journal,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ran from 1968 to 2008. Unlike <em>SOUL!<\/em> and <em>Soul Train<\/em>, <em>Black Journal<\/em> did not bring much in the way of song and dance, instead delivering sweeping news segments about Black issues. A <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">famous debate<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between Afrocentrist psychiatrist Frances Cress Welsing and American physicist William Shockley, the author of a theory of Black genetic inferiority, aired on Tony Brown\u2019s Journal in 1974 [see below].\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Racial Superiority Debate With Dr Frances Welsing &amp; william shockley 1974\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dtJTHjTl1ns?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Host Tony Brown also spent time doing an investigative report on the now-infamous Tuskegee Syphilis Study, including interviewing whistleblower <strong>Peter Buxtun<\/strong>, a former United States Public Health Service employee. This vital coverage reverberates even today as leaders struggle to curb vaccine hesitancy among African Americans, at once rightfully distrustful of the medical establishment, and yet more likely to face poor COVID-19 outcomes that would be curbed by these vital lifelines.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kkQ0w_EuGj4<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But even <em>Black Journal<\/em> hit lighter notes at times. A full game show episode called \u201cCan You Dig It?,\u201d featured trivia questions about Black history with a quirky astrological twist, including a funky game show wheel with all 12 signs of the Zodiac. Contestants took home prizes like handmade fans from a Ghanaian market, evoking the homemade cultural gifts emphasized during Kwanzaa. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oh, and each round began with a prediction of which contestant would win, though certainly not so as to conflate astrology and science, Brown hedged.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">TUNE-IN! \ud83d\udce3 Access the historic <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ThirteenWNET?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ThirteenWNET<\/a> public affairs series &#39;Black Journal&#39; and scholar-curated exhibit &quot;Televising <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/BlackPolitics?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BlackPolitics<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/BlackPower?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BlackPower<\/a> Era: &#39;Black Journal&#39; and &#39;Soul!&#39;&quot; in the AAPB &#8211;&gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/z9hji3sNly\">https:\/\/t.co\/z9hji3sNly<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/pubmedia?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#pubmedia<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/BlackJournalism?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BlackJournalism<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/BlackTelevision?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BlackTelevision<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/Jv28B2cDGc\">pic.twitter.com\/Jv28B2cDGc<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; American Archive of Public Broadcasting (@amarchivepub) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/amarchivepub\/status\/1280887641156857857?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 8, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Unsung<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BET competitor TV One launched<\/span> <em><b>Unsung<\/b> <\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in 2008,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">an hour-long music documentary program about the rise and fall of R&amp;B and soul music artists, bands, or groups. At times the show takes the form of Shakespearian tragedy as it explores the lives of musicians like the falsetto <strong>Debarge family,<\/strong> gospel choir member turned hip hop crooner <strong>Nate Dogg<\/strong>, and New Jack Swing star <strong>Al B. Sure<\/strong>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The show follows a successful formula, beginning with the pre-success struggles of an artist, their peak, their fall, and then a new normal. But <em>Unsung<\/em> also provides surprising perspectives from a musician\u2019s extended family and friends, complicating our memory of these towering figures who at the end of the day are only human.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jVf2CKZ7mtA&#038;ab_channel=SamuelLanga<\/p>\n<p><b>ESSENCE Music Festival<\/b><\/p>\n<p>ESSENCE Music Festival<b>,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> an annual gathering established in New Orleans by <em>Essence Magazine<\/em>, offers a variety of events aimed toward African American women. The so-called \u201cparty with a purpose\u201d has brought in the likes of <strong>Destiny\u2019s Child, Mary J. Blige, Erykah Badu<\/strong>. The event also provides seminars on topics ranging from starting a new business to personal issues, offering an important platform for artists, craftsmen, and writers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the shifting demography of the Big Easy on the heels of Katrina and gentrification, Essence Music Festival is still a critical event, and enjoying newfound interest in the wake of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Girls Trip<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the groundbreaking comedy about the misadventures of four Black women who reunite at the festival.<\/span><\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"ESSENCE Festival 2019: Recording Academy \u201cOn The Road\u201d In New Orleans | On The Road\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-_pqf-yzKWs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other events like NBA All-Star Weekend bring together a range of Black athletes, artists, and celebrities, though when veteran Black sports reporters David Aldridge and Michael Wilbon went <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as far as to dub<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the annual February event \u201cBlack Thanksgiving,\u201d they received pushback\u2014revealing that while these cultural spaces still might feel rare, Black Americans will always be conscious of how we define ourselves.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the wake of a broader swath of Americans and corporations finally rallying to recognize Juneteenth, a holiday celebrating the emancipation of the formerly enslaved, new cultural programming will likely emerge in the coming years. Hopefully, these spaces will be as valuable as <em>SOUL!<\/em> and keep in mind Ellis Haizlip\u2019s first directive of simply wanting to share in the Black experience.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em><strong>Ade Adeniji<\/strong>\u00a0is a Staff Writer for\u00a0<\/em>Inside Philanthropy<em>\u00a0and an approved Rotten Tomatoes critic. He\u2019s also written for outlets like Mic, and The Rumpus, and blogs about film, television, and the majestic NBA on his own website,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.adeadeniji.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=http:\/\/adeadeniji.com&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1582321802047000&amp;usg=AFQjCNFz_Q0QcPAjjKpuzHmFEi0TA5f2Eg\">adeadeniji.com<\/a>. He holds degrees from Pomona College and American Film Institute Conservatory.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Ade D. Adeniji Mr. SOUL! explores America\u2019s first Black variety television show SOUL!, which ran from 1968 to 1973, and was steered by pioneering Black producer and host Ellis Haizlip. Many have likely seen the pristine sets of SOUL! and not even know it. The series featured legendary black musicians, artists, athlete-activists, and thinkers [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":21813,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1357,1877,1594],"tags":[],"topic":[1216,1239,1250,1264,1252],"class_list":["post-21762","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-beyond-the-films","category-lifestyle","category-watch-video","topic-arts-and-culture","topic-identity","topic-music-2","topic-race-ethnicity","topic-visual-arts"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How SOUL! Helped Pave the Way for Black Cultural Programming - Independent Lens<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"From SOUL! to Soul Train, Black Journal and the ESSENCE Festival, learn about the legacy of Ellis Haizlip in subsequent Black TV and culture. &quot;Mr. SOUL!&quot; premieres on PBS Feb. 22.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dipsy.pbs.org\/independentlens\/blog\/how-soul-helped-pave-the-way-for-black-cultural-programming\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How SOUL! Helped Pave the Way for Black Cultural Programming | Blog | Independent Lens | PBS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Read about the legacy of SOUL! and how Ellis Haizlip helped pave the way for Black cultural programming. Watch MR. 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